A child is not born with
perfect eyesight and hearing, they had developed gradually. And whether or not
to start teaching a child to read a year? But since reading is a kind of human
speech, we first discuss what it is. You can find many definitions of it: from the
ability to speak, speaking a historically constituted a form of human communication through language constructs that are created on the basis of
certain rules. But they all say the same thing: we are - this is the element of
communication. And it is impossible without establishing and developing
contacts for joint activities. And the more complex joint activity, the more
difficult question. In a general sense, a speech is a transfer of information using one or another language - a system of symbols. In addition to language, using words that people in their daily life encounters with body language, facial expressions, dance, mathematics, programming, etc.
His language is
in animals and insects. In contrast to the computer in the "brains" is
still at the stage of production can lay any program for the exchange of
information with other devices or a man, a child is born with a
"program" that uses the minimum amount of information for the
continuation of life outside the womb. Communication with the environment the
baby in the early months is a response to the kinetics ,
tactile, spices and olfactory (nose) senses. The child in
this period perceives signals associated with feeding , changing mat, body
position . But from 1.5-2 months. in the
process of development of the world include hearing and vision. Increasing need
for expansion of the forms of communication, which leads to the appearance of
speech based on the first gesture, facial expression, and then - sound
transmission. It is not surprising that wildlife has used sound - mechanical
vibrations in elastic media, as the main vehicle for the transmission of
operational information on the distance. The sound is easily generated,
distributed and changes in intensity and in time - frequency. The speed of
sound in air - 340 m / s, which is much higher than the speed of the fastest
land animals , or a flying
javelin , and several times the speed of archery Boom (50-100 m / s). And
above the water surface, in open spaces, woodlands in the sound made by a
living creature, can be heard at distances up to several kilometers. On a
combination of sounds of different frequencies and intensities can easily be
constructed simple to understand and play a system of acoustic signals. But to
use one or other language, we must learn to perceive, that, having found his
medium, to highlight the informational component and decry-pt it. Human speech -
a complex and multifaceted system of skills and abilities acquired in the
course of psycho-physiological development of the individual. There are two
types of speech: oral and written. What kind of speech
the child develops in the first place? The development of the child oral
language - listening and speaking, there is in fact parallel. Already in the
second half of the child establishes a link between the word and the subject of
the action, from 9 months understands and fulfills the basic verbal
instructions beginning to respond to the statements of an adult, but his speech
is still composed of gestures, facial expressions, sounds, fragments of words. A
child is born with a ready speech apparatus - larynx, but about the year it is
in the throat is higher than in adults - at the level IV of the cervical
vertebra. This position of the larynx at the same time allows the child to suck
and swallow milk. After a year of the larynx is starting to go down - to level
VI vertebra, which is completed in two years? Only after that the larynx is
ready to fully participate in voice. The more the baby sucks the nipple, the
longer it is delayed the beginning of speaking. But to say you should be able
to hear the sounds that make them stand combination, remember them, try the
movements of the vocal cords, tongue, lips publish their sounds, and saying,
sung - to hear, to compare ... And so over and over again, every day, many
times. And then there's the need to learn to combine and merge the sounds into
letters, syllables, words, recognizing and heard what was said. And this
requires communication, communication and more time communicating. And in the
first place - with his mother, whose voice the child learns easily - because he
had heard it when I was a 32-38 week old embryo. The development of oral
language in the first year is not only listening, but also visually - the child
learns to recognize the sounds of traffic on the lips. But the vision is still
not perfect, until the year of "good" perceived movement of the lips
of one man - my mother. Replacing the on-line lips, and my mother's voice and
the voice of the other lips or monitor with super kachestvennoy sounding
recording her mother's image, or "almost live" doroguschy toy but
harm to the child's development will bring nothing. Children need is my
mother's lips, along with the voice, gestures, smell, skin and hair. Now
clearly established that the formation of speech in infancy, its rapid
development in the first three years of life is the basis for the development
of higher mental functions. By the year of the child masters the first word. Their
little - from 4 to 20, they have a personalized meaning "mother" - this
is only his mother, and no one else, "kitty" - that's just the cat,
and no other. But the joy first words and deliver the child and his family! This
is the beginning, and how many more big, difficult and joyous affairs ahead to
learn the spoken language! Again, I was surprised supporters of the “early
development "unconditionally accept on faith statements therapist Glenn Domain
that one year is" the best time to start a "teach a child to read.
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